It is the process of replacing the damaged knee joint with an artificial joint. Joint tissues damaged by arthritis and rheumatic diseases are treated. Knee replacement surgery, aims to reduce pain and increase mobility. It is generally preferred in older age groups. The prosthesis consists of metal and plastic components. Post-operative physiotherapy is important. The average duration of surgery is 1-2 hours.
In Which Cases Is Knee Replacement Surgery Performed?
The most common reason for surgery is arthritis, also known as osteoarthritis. This condition occurs when the cartilage in the knee joint wears away and over time causes pain, stiffness and limited movement in the joint. When medication and physical therapy are not enough knee replacement surgery preferred. Rheumatoid arthritis is an immune system disease that causes inflammation in the joint. This condition can cause damage and deformation in the knee joint. Surgery is an effective method for treating such progressive and painful joint problems. Serious damage to the knee joint can occur as a result of accidents or sports injuries.
In such cases, it may be necessary when joint repair is not possible or when the damage causes long-term problems. It is performed on people who have deformities in the knee joint due to congenital or progressive bone diseases. These deformities can make daily activities difficult with limited movement and pain. Pain that continues even during rest and makes daily activities such as walking impossible may lead to surgery. In this case, the function of the joint is increased and the pain is significantly reduced with knee prosthesis. When conservative methods such as medication and physical therapy do not work, surgical intervention comes to the agenda. Surgery offers a permanent solution in this case. As a result, knee replacement surgery It is usually considered a last resort treatment. Determining whether you are a suitable candidate for this surgery is possible with a detailed evaluation by an orthopedic specialist.
How is Knee Replacement Surgery Performed?
In the preoperative process, the patient's general health status is evaluated. The knee condition is examined in detail with imaging methods such as blood tests, X-rays, and MRI. The appropriate prosthesis type and size are determined. In addition, anesthesia planning is made. General anesthesia or spinal anesthesia is usually applied. Knee replacement surgery A sterile environment is created to prevent the risk of infection during the operation. The surgical area is cleaned with antiseptic solutions and sterile drapes are placed on the area. The surgeon makes an incision, usually 10-15 cm long, in the front of the knee. The skin, underlying tissue and muscle layers are carefully cut to reach the joint. At this stage, the surgeon is careful to protect the muscle and connective tissues. Damaged cartilage and bone surfaces are carefully removed with special surgical instruments.
During this procedure, an attempt is made to preserve the natural anatomical structure of the knee. A suitable metal or plastic prosthesis piece is placed on the femur, tibia and patella surfaces of the knee. The prosthesis is usually fixed to the bone with a special cement or cementless method. After the prosthesis is placed, the surgeon checks the movements of the knee. He/she makes sure that the prosthesis is working properly. Minor corrections can be made if necessary. The surgeon stitches the tissues in the surgical area in layers and closes the incision. A sterile dressing is applied over the stitches. A drain is usually placed in the surgical area to prevent infection. Knee replacement surgery After the procedure is completed, the patient is taken to intensive care or to his/her room for the recovery process. In the first days, pain control is provided and the patient is given physiotherapy support.
Things to Consider After Knee Replacement Surgery
Post-operative physical therapy is an essential part of the recovery process. Doing the exercises prescribed by your doctor will help you regain joint movement. It is very important to follow the exercise program given in the first few weeks without fail. Keeping the surgical area clean and dry reduces the risk of infection. It is necessary to perform wound care regularly and change dressings on time. Using antibiotics recommended by your doctor after surgery also minimizes the risk of infection. A healthy and balanced diet positively affects the recovery process.
Protein-rich foods speed up tissue repair. Drinking enough fluids helps the body’s overall healing process. Additionally, calcium and vitamin D intake supports bone health. Knee replacement surgery Pain and swelling are expected after the operation. Regular use of painkillers recommended by your doctor will help you get through this period more comfortably. Cold compress application is an effective method to relieve swelling and pain. You should avoid movements that will strain your knee after the operation. Sudden turning movements, activities that put excessive load on the knee or standing for long periods of time will damage the prosthesis.
It is important to keep your knee elevated and control swelling in the first few weeks. You should have regular check-ups with your doctor. This is important to evaluate the condition of the prosthesis and your recovery process. Early intervention in the event of a problem with the prosthesis minimizes the risk of complications. Returning to daily activities after surgery should be gradual. By being careful and adhering to the recommended movements in the first few weeks, it is possible to return to your normal life over time. However, it is essential to get your doctor's approval before lifting heavy objects or starting high-impact sports. Knee replacement surgery Things to consider after the procedure make recovery easier. By following all instructions, it is possible to ensure the longevity of the prosthesis and protect your health.
